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《that用法新探》(中) |
作者:李 翔 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點(diǎn)擊數(shù) 更新時間:2013-04-22 文章錄入:李翔 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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4.3.5 關(guān)系代詞that 與關(guān)系副詞why的區(qū)別 關(guān)系副詞why只能引導(dǎo)限制性關(guān)系從句,且其先行項(xiàng)只有一個the reason。例如: 章振邦主編的《新編英語語法》(第三版)(上海譯文出版社1997年1月第3版)P1383:關(guān)系副詞why可以在the reason why(表示理由的先行項(xiàng)只有reason一個詞)結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性關(guān)系分句,這通常用于正式語體;在非正式語體,通常可以省略關(guān)系副詞why。例如: The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 接著,在P1411指出:但是值得注意的是(the reason) why并不等于 (the reason) for which,比如我們可以說: That’s the reason why he came. 或者, That’s the reason (that) he came. 卻通常不說:﹡That’s the reason for which he came. 然而,Michael Swan著的Practical English Usage (Third Edition 2005)P479卻有與此截然相反的說法:Do you know the reason why she doesn't like me? (= ... the reason for which ... ) 通過查閱BUY-BNC BRTISH NATIONAL CORPUS (UK,1980s-1993) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University ) http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc/和The CORPUS OF CONTEMPORAY AMERICAN ENGLISH (1990-2012) (Mark Davies, Brigham Young University) http://www.americancorpus.org/ 可以看出無論英國英語還是美國英語使用(the reason) why的比率遠(yuǎn)大于使用(the reason) for which的比率。 This is the reason I wrote him. This is the reason why I wrote him. This is the reason that I wrote him. (潘歡懷《現(xiàn)代英語實(shí)用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 1984年9月第1版)p464) 還可以說:The reason why I’m late is that/because I missed the bus. (李北達(dá)編譯《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》(第四版)(商務(wù)印書館1997年9月第1版) P1241) 隨便說一下,在正式語體中,以the way作先行項(xiàng)的限制性關(guān)系分句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)。例如: The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. 但在非正式語體中,通常可以省略in which或that: The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her. I don’t like the way (that) I studied. This is the way that I studied. I don’t like the way (that) in which I studied. (潘歡懷《現(xiàn)代英語實(shí)用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 1984年9月第1版)p464) 在英語中不能用how引導(dǎo)以the way為先行項(xiàng)的限制性或非限制性關(guān)系分句。比如不說 ﹡That is the way how he spoke, 但可以說That is how he spoke. 在這里,how he spoke是名詞性分句。 4.4 that 用于分裂句(cleft sentence)中 4.4.1 分裂句(cleft sentence)的概念 楊元興等在《英語句型大全》(上海外語教育出版社2007年 3月第1版)p686和潘歡懷在《現(xiàn)代英語實(shí)用句法》(北京師范大學(xué)出版社 1984年9月第1版) p549指出:分裂句(cleft sentence)就是我們常說的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It +be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who從句。之所以叫作“分裂”是因?yàn)橐粋句子被分裂開成為兩個各有主謂的部分。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動詞以外的大多數(shù)句子成分。
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