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《that用法新探》(中) |
作者:李 翔 文章來源:本站原創(chuàng) 點擊數(shù) 更新時間:2013-04-22 文章錄入:李翔 責(zé)任編輯:admin |
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除性質(zhì)不同外,這兩種分句還有其它兩個主要方面的區(qū)別,即使用關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別和先行詞的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)分述如下: ① 使用關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別 在兩種從句中使用的關(guān)系代詞有許多不同的情況。 A.不是所有的能引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞都能用在分裂句中。 a. that和 who是分裂句最常用的關(guān)系代詞,在這二者之間用that的時候更多,因為指人或指其它都可用that。例如: It is the university president that/who will give a speech next Monday. b.如果要表示屬格的概念,whose是可以用的。例如: It’s his brother whose telephone number he has forgotten. (這句話的意思相當(dāng)于:It’s his brother’s telephone number that he has forgotten.) c. whom 和which是很少用的。whom 和which用在介詞后面更幾乎是不可以的。例如: It was Jane that I saw. 不能說:﹡It was Jane whom I saw. It was a hen that I kept. 不能說:﹡It was a hen which I kept. It was to the hen that I gave some rice. (這個句子里被強調(diào)的成分是the hen。即強調(diào)我是給母雞吃米,不是給鴨子或其它家禽。這個分裂句中的that是不能用which代替的。) 試比較: It was the hen to which I gave some rice. (在這個句子里,to which I gave some rice是定語從句,修飾先行詞 the hen。這個句子的主語it是人稱代詞,指母雞,不是“強調(diào)”it。) 再比較下列句子: It was the old lady that I offered my seat. (這是一個分裂句,被強調(diào)的成分是the old lady。這個句子是從I offered my seat to the old lady.轉(zhuǎn)換來的。) She was the old lady to whom I offered my seat. (這個句子里的to whom I offered my seat 很顯然是修飾the old lady的定語從句。這個句子不是分裂句,如果硬要用“強調(diào)”it作這個句子的主語,那是極其錯誤的。) 可見在分裂句中whom, which是罕見的,而且也幾乎不能用在介詞后面。 d.when和where不能在分裂句中用來指時間和地點。必須要用 that來代替這兩個詞。例如: It was to the hospital that I sent him. (此處不能用 where) It was last week that I sent him to the hospital. (此處不能用 when
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