4.4.2　分裂句(cleft sentence)強調的成分　　

a. 強調主語　　

①主語指人，可以用that或who，否則只能用that。例如：　　

It was John who/that wore a white suit at the dance last night.　　

It was a bouquet of roses that was left to us.　　

It is what he said that is very important.　　

It is what he said that I failed to recall.　　

It was a letter (that) came this morning. (黃永安 主編《新編大學英語語法》(華中理工大學出版社 1997年3月第1版)P429)　　

It was a police officer that signaled him to stop. ([日] 綿貫陽等著《現代英語語法例解手冊》(修訂版)) (申勇譯 科學出版社2006年2月第1版)p172 [強調句子結構])　　

② 主語是人稱代詞，一般用主格，在非正式文體中也可以用賓格。例如：　　

It is I/me who am to blame.　　

It’s I who runs this school, not you.　　

It wasn’t me that made fun of him.　　

b. 強調賓語　　

①強調直接賓語。如果賓語指人，可以用whom 或who替代that，若賓語指物，有時可以用which代替that。例如：　　

It was John and his brother that /who/whom we met in the park last week.　　

It was a new pen that/which Mother gave me.　　

②強調間接賓語  例如：　　

It is me that/who/whom he gave the book.　　

但是It is me he gave the book to.和 It is to me he gave the book.更常用，所以間接賓語常常被介詞賓語所代替。　　

③強調介詞賓語  例如：　　

It was the children that he gave the apples to.　　

It was to me that Mother gave a new pen. (正式文體)　　

It was me that Mother gave a new pen to. (非正式的，但常用的文體)　　

It was to me that she showed the picture.　　

It was Miss Wang that he sent the postcards to.　　

It is for you that I bought this dictionary.　　

c. 強調狀語　　

①強調時間狀語　　

A. 強調一般時間狀語 例如：　　

It is this afternoon that I have a meeting.　　

It is at ten that the train leaves.　　

B.強調延續性的像for a long time 之類的時間狀語，必須改用It is/was … since句型，而且句中有些詞語要作相應的改動。例如：　　

It is a long time since we met last.　　

How long is it since you were in 　　London　　?　　

C. 強調時間狀語從句 例如：　　

It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.　　

It was not until 1972 that we began studying English.　　

I was after I entered the university that I came to know how to behave myself properly.　　

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