二、表示心理狀態(tài)的名詞或表示某種遭遇的名詞（如word, anger, faith, sorrow, idea, courage, desire等）作主語，用visit, fail, desert, escape, seize, oppress, depress等動詞作謂語。翻譯這類句子時可以把賓語譯為主語，把主語譯為賓語。謂語動詞的含義則根據(jù)主語和賓語的關(guān)系來理解并翻譯。例如：

A deep sorrow seized the man suddenly. 那人突然產(chǎn)生了一種非常難過的情緒。

When he met his girlfriend for the first time, words failed him. 當他第一次見到他女朋友時，他說不出話來。

Many troubles visited the poor old man last year. 去年這個可憐的老人碰到了不少麻煩。

When he had to speak to her, his courage suddenly escaped him. 當他不得不和她說話時，他突然失去了勇氣。

Astonishment and even horror oppressed her. 她感到驚訝甚至恐懼。

His weariness determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他疲憊不堪，于是下了決心，一碰到舒適的陰涼處就坐下休息。

Anger choked his words. 他氣得話也說不出來。

It was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment. 那個男演員的名字我一時想不起來了。

Words failed me for the moment. 我一時不知說什么。

Alarm began to take entire possession of him. 他開始變得驚恐萬分。

Something inside me seemed to stop momentarily. 我頓時呆住了。

三、句子主語是具有行為或動作意義的名詞，謂語一般是使令動詞（如remind, make, let, lead, send, leave, drive等）。從語法上看，無生命主語句常常是簡單句，但其句子成分之間卻含有某種關(guān)系：如時間關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，條件關(guān)系等。翻譯這類句子時，不能照搬原文表達形式，而要轉(zhuǎn)換主語，必要時還須采用拆譯等手段，以便把這些關(guān)系表達出來。一般把主語翻譯成狀語（時間狀語、原因狀語或條件狀語），賓語譯為主語。用“一……就；因……而；如果......那么”的句型進行翻譯。例如：

The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents. 一見到那個孤兒，我就想起了她的父母。

The idea that he will go abroad for further study made him excited. 一想到要出國深造，他就興奮不已。

The one look told Mary what sort of man she had to deal with. 瑪麗看了一眼就明白她要對付的是什么樣的人了。

The very sight of blood makes her feel nervous. 一見到鮮血，她就感到緊張。

No wonder that the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generation back 50 years ago. 難怪老一輩的許多人見了這東西, 就會想起50年前的往事。

A visit to the places where he had lived and worked during his youth brought back many fond memories.他重游自己青年時代曾經(jīng)工作和學(xué)習(xí)過的地方時不禁回憶起許多美好的

Thought of the interview filled me with fear. 一想到面試，我就擔(dān)心害怕。

His illness prevented him from joining in the climbing of the mountain. 他因病未能參加爬山。

The publisher’s rejection of his manuscript depressed him. 由于出版商拒絕接受他的手稿，他的情緒一落千丈。

Business took me to town.我因公去了鎮(zhèn)里。

Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 經(jīng)過調(diào)查，我們得出了上述結(jié)論。

The bitter weather had driven everyone indoors. 由于天氣寒冷，大家都躲進了室內(nèi)。

Losing his fortune drove him mad. 他由于失去財產(chǎn)而發(fā)瘋。

This medicine will make you feel better. 吃了這藥，你會舒服些。

Careful comparison will show you the difference. 仔細比較，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不同。

Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load. 她疾病纏身，沒信心挑起這副重擔(dān)。

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